Developing An Outline
Meaning And Purpose Of Outline Outline offers the logical manner of the information so that the audience can easily get to know about the material to be covered in the whole research/thesis. It is the key which shows the logical way of thinking. To develop the outline is important because it facilitates the author while writing on the topic/ issue. The author should develop the outline before writing on the topic which could be more helpful in explaining and supporting the facts and the figures in the research. The success of the thesis/research also depends upon the proper developed outline. The role of the outline is important and facilitates the researcher in the following manner.
- It facilitates the person to organize the authentic and the reliable ideas on one paper.
- The logical manner of writing on the topic is very important so to link all the facts and figures etc in an appropriate way.
- It depicts that which proposal requires the illustration.
For developing the outline, the best way is to follow the below mentioned steps:
- Firstly one should be very much clear about the purpose of the research etc because without the purpose no one can conduct or even write anything.
- The researcher should then find the target audience to which you are going to brief everything.
- Writers should jot down all the ideas and in short they should go for the brainstorming.
- Organize the data which is collected from the brainstorming.
- Divide the data into the groups.
- Labeling is also very important; headings should be according to the data type.
The writer should follow the below mentioned principles because with the help of these principles writer can create extremely well explained outline which can grasp the attention of the market in a second and this is what every author wants to have after writing the research paper etc.
- Division
- Subordination
- Coordination
- Parallelism
These principles are very essential. The authors who want to write the articles/papers firstly like to have the knowledge about the way to develop an outline because the outline is the key to success so for every paper or research it is better to have time to develop the outline. The numbering should be done on the outline so that it could be more presentable. There are many examples of research papers/thesis in which you can see proper developed outline and that is why these research papers and the thesis are in the hands of many. People including students like to have the sample research papers/thesis so to take example that how to develop the outline so after a detail discussion we can say that to develop an outline is worth for the success of the article.
Below mentioned are the types of outlines:
- Alphanumeric outline focused on the numerals which are Arabic, capitalized alphabets etc.
- Family tree is one of the most famous for those who want to display the people, spouses and children in the chronological manner.
- Decimal outline offers the item that is related with the whole of the document.
The professional researcher is the one who has a grip on these aspects like how to make the outline. The decision making related with the type of the outline is not difficult but the researcher needs to know that what type of research is in focus.
Eight Steps to Developing an Effective Outline
San Francisco Edit
www.sfedit.net
Preparing an outline is the most important step in the process of producing a manuscript
for publication in a journal. The outline bears roughly the same relation to the final
manuscript as an architectural blueprint does to a finished house.
Its purpose of an outline is to divide the writing of the entire paper into a number of
smaller tasks.
A good outline will organize the various topics and arguments in logical form. By
ordering the topics you will identify, before writing the manuscript, any gaps that might
exist.
There is no single best way to prepare a scientific manuscript, except as determined by
the individual writer and the circumstances. You should know your own style of writing
best. Whatever you decide to do, you should follow at least these steps before
beginning to write your manuscript.
Remember, at this stage, you are only constructing an outline. You are not writing; you
just need to put down some notes to guide your thinking.
1. Develop a central message of the manuscript
Prepare a central message sentence (20-25 words). If you were asked to summarize
your paper in one sentence, what would you say? Everything in the manuscript will be
written to support this central message.
2. Define the materials and methods
Briefly state the population in which you worked, the sampling method you employed,
the materials you used, and most importantly, the methods you used to carry out the
study
3. Summarize the question(s) and problem(s)
What was known before you started the study? What answers were needed to address
the problem(s)? List the key points pertaining to the question(s) and problem(s). What
did you do to answer the question(s)?
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4. Define the principal findings and results
Your central message sentence probably encapsulates the most important findings.
There may be others that you feel ought to be included. List these in note form. Don't
worry about the order or about how many you put down.
5. Describe the conclusions and implications
Make brief notes on each of the implications that arise from your study. What are the
principal conclusions of your findings? What is new in your work and why does it
matter? What are the limitations and the implications of your results? Are there any
changes in practice, approaches or techniques that you would recommend?
6. Organize and group related ideas together
List each key point separately. Key points can be arranged chronologically, by order of
importance or by some other pattern. The organizing scheme should be clear and well
structured. You can use a cluster map, an issue tree, numbering, or some other
organizational structure.
Identify the important details, describe the principal findings, and provide your analysis
and conclusions that contribute to each key point.
7. Identify the references that pertain to each key point
8. Develop the introduction
Before beginning on the introduction, read through the notes you have made so far in
your outline. Read them through and see whether there is a coherent and cohesive
story and a unifying theme that runs through the outline.
Your introduction outline should start with the main message, describe what the
purpose or objective of your study was, how you went about doing the study, what you
found and what are the implications of what you found.
Developing a Detailed Outline
Outlines effectively reduce and order your source materials. An outline will force you topartition material
develop a point of view
establish the scope of your document
sequence your topics
develop a writing strategy
The same outline can be used to generate feedback, serve as awriting aid, and provide the subject headings of your paper.Work out a general plan first, and then make the outline more specific.
The following is an outline of a research article.
What is Good Writing?
You know it when you see it. It isn’t that hard to tell whether a piece of writing is good or bad. You just have to read it. But things get more challenging if you have to explain why it's good. Even harder than that is analyzing the good things a writer is doing so you can learn to use his or her techniques in your own work. And teaching others how to use them is the hardest of all but that, of course, is exactly what we need to be able to do.
Having simple phrases to describe the good things writers do makes learning about those things easier. Good writing has:
Ideas that are interesting and important. Ideas are the heart of the piece — what the writer is writing about and the information he or she chooses to write about it.
Organization that is logical and effective. Organization refers to the order of ideas and the way the writer moves from one idea to the next.
Voice that is individual and appropriate. Voice is how the writing feels to someone when they read it. Is it formal or casual? Is it friendly and inviting or reserved and standoffish? Voice is the expression of the writer's personality through words.
Word Choice that is specific and memorable. Good writing uses just the right words to say just the right things.
Sentence Fluency that is smooth and expressive. Fluent sentences are easy to understand and fun to read with expression.
Conventions that are correct and communicative. Conventions are the ways we all agree to use punctuation, spelling, grammar, and other things that make writing consistent and easy to read.
The framework I'm using here to talk about good writing is based on the Six Traits model which I received my training in from Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Over the years I have modified, simplified, and in many cases changed much of the language outright because it seemed to work better for me that way in the classroom. NWREL has made many changes to Six Traits, too. In fact, they now call it Six Plus One Traits. But it's based on the same basic idea of using trait-based criteria to define good work. For information on the "official" Six Traits in its most current incarnation, you should visit NWREL at www.nwrel.org.
How to Outline a Cause and Effect Essay
By an eHow Contributor
Cause and effect essays are used to show how one thing causes another thing to happen. The result is the effect. You can have multiple causes or multiple effects depending on the structure of your essay. Use these ideas to outline a cause and effect essay.Difficulty: Moderate
Instructions
- 1
Decide your essay structure and then outline your essay according to this structure. You can set the essay up with many effects caused by one thing or you can set the essay up with one effect caused by many things.
- 2
Brainstorm the causes and effects so you can find the best topics to include in your essay. You want to find a general statement to prove and then find the main causes of the effects you write about. Use these points to form your topic sentences.
- 3
Write an introduction with a thesis statement. Place your general statement in the thesis. Then pick three points that will explain or prove your thesis statement. These will be the main three points in your outline structure.
- 4
List the first point or statement. This will probably be your first effect. List one or more causes explaining why the effect happened. List your supporting details in point form under the first point. Write a sentence leading into the next paragraph.
- 5
Add your next point or statement. List your causes explaining the effect. List your supporting details in point form beneath this statement. Beneath the points, add a lead into the next paragraph.
- 6
Repeat the structure for the third cause and effect. List your supporting details in point form and write a lead into the next paragraph.
- 7
Insert a conclusion beneath your points tying all the paragraphs together. You now have an essay outline with an introduction, three main statements with point form causes beneath each statement and a conclusion.
http://www.ehow.com/how_2316265_outline-cause-effect-essay.html
Writing skills: cause and effect
To bring attention to the need for lexical variation in a good essay and to increase range of cause and effect phrases and topic related vocabulary.
Aims
- To bring attention to the need for lexical variation in a good essay.
- To increase range of cause and effect phrases and topic related vocabulary.
- To provide a lexical resource for future essay writing.
Target language
Cause and effectso/ As a result/ are due to/The consequence of/ Owing to/one effect of/ This is because/ as/ Hence/ consequently/ The effect of/ consequent (levels)/ therefore/ (creates)/ As a result/ For this reason/ Thus/ as a consequence
Lexical variation
Population/( uninhabitable)/ overcrowding/ teeming with people/ inhabitants/ too dense a population/ over peopled/ crowded with people/ crawling with cars/ overpopulation/ epidemic of people/ most populous nation/ overcrowded
Time: 1 hour plus writing task for homework
Materials (see attached)
- Cards (cut up one card for each student)
- Prediction task (one copy on an OHP or one copy between two)
- Reorder following sentences (one copy each)
- Analysis worksheet (one copy each)
- Vocabulary extension worksheet (one copy each)
- Homework sheet (one copy each)
- Model essay – Answer Key (one copy each)
Lesson steps
- As a warm-up exercise, give one card, from ‘Cards’, to each student. (Make sure you are using matching cause and effects). Tell students to mill until they have found their partner. (5 minutes)
- Tell the new pairs to then sit down and connect their sentences by introducing a phrase which expresses the relationship of cause and effect. (5 minutes)
- Pairs read out their sentences and the teacher marks up cause and effect phrases on the board as they come up. (5 minutes)
- Tell the class they are now going to read some sentences which use (hopefully) some different cause and effect phrases. They are taken from an essay entitled ‘Describe some of the problems caused by overcrowding in modern cities’ and write this title on the board. (2 minutes)
- Put ‘Prediction task‘ on the OHP (alternatively give out one copy between two) and cover over all but the top unfinished sentence. Students guess the ending, shout out their answers and the nearest answer gets a point/ sweet/ counter etc. (15 minutes)
- Explain again that the prediction task comes from the essay on the board and give out ‘Reorder the following sentences‘ and the ‘Analysis worksheet‘ to complete individually. Explain that in writing such an essay you need to list a lot of problems of a single cause (overcrowding) so a lot of cause and effect phrases are needed. Also you would need a lot of words which function as an alternative to the topic word, in this case, ‘overcrowding’. (15 minutes)
- Be available to help as the students work through the worksheet. Give out ‘Model essay – Answer Key ‘ and allow students to check through it quickly before looking at it as a class (see teachers’ notes.) (10)
- Give out ‘Vocabulary extension worksheet ‘ explaining that the words on the sheet come from other common essay themes, one of which they will write an essay on for homework. You could work through this as a class, answering questions about the slight differences in meaning, in order to keep the pace up and finish on a chatty note. (5)
- Give out ‘Homework sheet ‘ for homework.
- If your class doesn’t like moving around, give each pair a complete set of jumbled cards to match up. However, still limit one sentence to each pair for connecting them with a phrase.
- Some students’ written work lacks coherence because of a paucity of cause and effect in their ideas. This step will help focus these students on the need to use clear connections in their written work.
- The idea here is that if you make the introduction of these phrases fun, students will have a better chance of remembering them (step six gives further comprehension and analytical focus on the target phrases) .
- And 8) are simply to prepare for written homework so keep the pace relaxed and chatty and reiterate that the point of their homework is to produce a piece of writing that has a good range of topic vocabulary and cause and effect phrases.
These materials are prepared by Lexy Holt a former winner of the Lesson share competition.
Mengembangkan Sebuah Garis Besar
Meaning And Purpose Of Outline Arti Dan Tujuan Dari Garis Besar Outline offers the logical manner of the information so that the audience can easily get to know about the material to be covered in the whole research/thesis. Garis menawarkan cara yang logis informasi sehingga penonton dapat dengan mudah mengenal tentang bahan yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian seluruh / tesis. It is the key which shows the logical way of thinking. Ini adalah kunci yang menunjukkan cara berpikir logis. To develop the outline is important because it facilitates the author while writing on the topic/ issue. Untuk mengembangkan garis besar adalah penting karena memfasilitasi penulis saat menulis pada topik / isu. The author should develop the outline before writing on the topic which could be more helpful in explaining and supporting the facts and the figures in the research. Penulis harus mengembangkan outline sebelum menulis pada topik yang dapat lebih membantu dalam menjelaskan dan mendukung fakta-fakta dan angka dalam penelitian. The success of the thesis/research also depends upon the proper developed outline. Keberhasilan tesis / penelitian juga tergantung pada garis yang tepat dikembangkan. The role of the outline is important and facilitates the researcher in the following manner. Peran garis besar adalah penting dan memfasilitasi peneliti dengan cara sebagai berikut.
- It facilitates the person to organize the authentic and the reliable ideas on one paper. Ini memudahkan orang untuk mengatur otentik dan ide-ide yang dapat diandalkan pada satu kertas.
- The logical manner of writing on the topic is very important so to link all the facts and figures etc in an appropriate way. Cara logis dari menulis di topik ini sangat penting sehingga untuk menghubungkan semua fakta dan angka dll dalam cara yang tepat.
- It depicts that which proposal requires the illustration. Ini menggambarkan bahwa yang membutuhkan ilustrasi proposal.
For developing the outline, the best way is to follow the below mentioned steps: Untuk mengembangkan outline, cara terbaik adalah mengikuti langkah-langkah berikut disebutkan:
- Firstly one should be very much clear about the purpose of the research etc because without the purpose no one can conduct or even write anything. Pertama kita harus sangat banyak jelas tentang tujuan dari penelitian dll karena tanpa tujuan tidak ada yang bisa melakukan atau bahkan menulis apapun.
- The researcher should then find the target audience to which you are going to brief everything. Peneliti kemudian harus menemukan target audiens yang Anda akan segalanya singkat.
- Writers should jot down all the ideas and in short they should go for the brainstorming. Penulis harus menuliskan semua ide dan singkatnya mereka harus pergi untuk brainstorming.
- Organize the data which is collected from the brainstorming. Mengatur data yang dikumpulkan dari brainstorming.
- Divide the data into the groups. Membagi data ke dalam kelompok.
- Labeling is also very important; headings should be according to the data type. Pelabelan juga sangat penting; judul harus sesuai dengan tipe data.
The writer should follow the below mentioned principles because with the help of these principles writer can create extremely well explained outline which can grasp the attention of the market in a second and this is what every author wants to have after writing the research paper etc. Penulis harus mengikuti prinsip-prinsip yang disebutkan di bawah ini karena dengan bantuan prinsip-prinsip penulis ini dapat membuat garis besar menjelaskan dengan sangat baik yang dapat menangkap perhatian pasar dalam kedua dan ini adalah apa setiap penulis ingin memiliki setelah menulis makalah penelitian dll
- Division Divisi
- Subordination Subordinasi
- Coordination Koordinasi
- Parallelism Paralelisme
These principles are very essential. Prinsip-prinsip ini sangat penting. The authors who want to write the articles/papers firstly like to have the knowledge about the way to develop an outline because the outline is the key to success so for every paper or research it is better to have time to develop the outline. Para penulis yang ingin menulis artikel / makalah pertama ingin memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara untuk mengembangkan garis besar karena garis besar adalah kunci keberhasilan sehingga setiap kertas atau penelitian yang lebih baik untuk memiliki waktu untuk mengembangkan garis besar. The numbering should be done on the outline so that it could be more presentable. penomoran harus dilakukan pada garis sehingga bisa lebih rapi. There are many examples of research papers/thesis in which you can see proper developed outline and that is why these research papers and the thesis are in the hands of many. Ada banyak contoh makalah penelitian / tesis di mana Anda dapat melihat garis dikembangkan tepat dan itulah sebabnya makalah penelitian dan tesis ini adalah di tangan banyak orang. People including students like to have the sample research papers/thesis so to take example that how to develop the outline so after a detail discussion we can say that to develop an outline is worth for the success of the article. Orang-orang termasuk siswa ingin memiliki makalah penelitian sampel / tesis sehingga untuk mengambil contoh yang bagaimana mengembangkan outline jadi setelah diskusi detail kita dapat mengatakan bahwa untuk mengembangkan sebuah kerangka patut untuk keberhasilan artikel.
Types Of Outlines Jenis Garis Below mentioned are the types of outlines: Disebutkan di bawah ini adalah jenis garis:
- Alphanumeric outline focused on the numerals which are Arabic, capitalized alphabets etc. Garis alfanumerik terfokus pada angka yang bahasa Arab, huruf dikapitalisasi dll
- Family tree is one of the most famous for those who want to display the people, spouses and children in the chronological manner. pohon Keluarga adalah salah satu yang paling terkenal bagi mereka yang ingin menampilkan orang-orang, pasangan dan anak-anak dengan cara kronologis.
- Decimal outline offers the item that is related with the whole of the document. garis Decimal menawarkan item yang berhubungan dengan seluruh dokumen.
The professional researcher is the one who has a grip on these aspects like how to make the outline. Peneliti profesional adalah orang yang memiliki pegangan pada aspek-aspek seperti bagaimana membuat garis besar. The decision making related with the type of the outline is not difficult but the researcher needs to know that what type of research is in focus. Pengambilan keputusan yang terkait dengan jenis garis besar tidaklah sulit tetapi peneliti perlu mengetahui bahwa jenis penelitian ini adalah fokus.
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